{"id":79,"date":"2016-09-01T16:45:28","date_gmt":"2016-09-01T16:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beira.layerica.sk\/?p=79"},"modified":"2019-09-17T13:54:58","modified_gmt":"2019-09-17T13:54:58","slug":"nieco-o-kastracii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/2016\/09\/01\/nieco-o-kastracii\/","title":{"rendered":"Nie\u010do o kastr\u00e1cii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">N\u00e1zory na kastr\u00e1ciu sa tak u laickej verejnosti, ako aj u odborn\u00edkov l\u00ed\u0161ia. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina veterin\u00e1rov kastr\u00e1ciu odpor\u00fa\u010da ako prevent\u00edvny z\u00e1krok, cvi\u010ditelia upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zmeny v spr\u00e1van\u00ed kastrovan\u00e9ho psa \u010di suky, m\u00e1lo sa hovor\u00ed o probl\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 kastr\u00e1cia so sebou m\u00f4\u017ee prinies\u0165 pri oper\u00e1cii, tesne po oper\u00e1cii, ako aj o vplyve na celkov\u00fa kond\u00edciu psa po z\u00e1kroku. Zo \u0161tatistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska mo\u017eno tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee psy aj su\u010dky opera\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1krok zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa dobre, celkov\u00fd pr\u00ednos pre zdravie a spr\u00e1vanie psa po kastr\u00e1cii s\u00fa predmetom diskusi\u00ed. <b>Cie\u013eom tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku nie je majite\u013eov psov na kastr\u00e1ciu nahov\u00e1ra\u0165, ani ich od kastr\u00e1cie odhov\u00e1ra\u0165, ale poskytn\u00fa\u0165 im pri rozhodovan\u00ed mo\u017enos\u0165 zodpovedne zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 v\u0161etky pre a proti z viacer\u00fdch h\u013ead\u00edsk.<\/b><\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Z\u00e1sah do reproduk\u010dn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov nemus\u00ed by\u0165 v\u017edy len kastr\u00e1cia (odstr\u00e1nenie vaje\u010dn\u00edkov, pr\u00edpadne aj maternice, odstr\u00e1nenie semenn\u00edkov), preru\u0161enie vaj\u00ed\u010dkovodov alebo semenovodov sa naz\u00fdva steriliz\u00e1cia. Steriliz\u00e1cia v\u0161ak na rozdiel od kastr\u00e1cie nie je 100% z\u00e1rukou nechcen\u00e9ho mno\u017eenia psov, preto\u017ee reproduk\u010dn\u00e9 org\u00e1nov u niektor\u00fdch psov dok\u00e1\u017eu regenerova\u0165. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Dobr\u00fd veterin\u00e1r pri prevent\u00edvnej kastr\u00e1cii majite\u013ea psa v\u017edy obozn\u00e1mi s mo\u017en\u00fdmi rizikami a pred v\u00fdkonom z\u00e1kroku zva\u017euje tieto faktory:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">vek psa,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">pohlavn\u00fa vyspelos\u0165 psa, <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">pohlavie psa,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">u s\u00fak to, v akom \u0161t\u00e1diu pohlavn\u00e9ho cyklu sa zviera nach\u00e1dza,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">plemeno psa (genetick\u00e9 predispoz\u00edcie),<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">celkov\u00fd zdravotn\u00fd stav. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Na mnoh\u00fdch veterin\u00e1rnych klinik\u00e1ch si pri operat\u00edvnych z\u00e1krokoch m\u00f4\u017eete vybra\u0165 inhala\u010dn\u00fd druh anest\u00e9zie, ktor\u00fd menej za\u0165a\u017euje obli\u010dky a pe\u010de\u0148, a u s\u00fak zvoli\u0165 aj sp\u00f4sob prevedenia kastr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 bu\u010f klasick\u00fd, pri ktorom sa otv\u00e1ra bru\u0161n\u00e1 dutina, alebo laparoskopick\u00fd, ktor\u00fd je v mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch \u0161etrnej\u0161\u00ed. U s\u00fak sa kastr\u00e1cia nevykon\u00e1va po\u010das h\u00e1rania, tesne po h\u00e1ran\u00ed ani tesne pred h\u00e1ran\u00edm. Ak z\u00e1krok prebehne bez probl\u00e9mov, rekonvalescencia trv\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 5 a\u017e 10 dn\u00ed. \u00damrtnos\u0165 su\u010diek pri alebo po kastr\u00e1cii je zanedbate\u013en\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Ak kastrujeme psa, je to naj\u010dastej\u0161ie z d\u00f4vodu zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enej prostaty. Odborne sa tento stav naz\u00fdva BPH (ben\u00edgna hyperpl\u00e1zia prostaty) a m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom (cysty, z\u00e1paly prostaty a mo\u010dov\u00fdch org\u00e1nov, s\u0165a\u017een\u00e9 vypr\u00e1zd\u0148ovanie). BPH je be\u017en\u00fd stav u star\u0161\u00edch psov, pri ve\u013ek\u00fdch plemen\u00e1ch sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavi\u0165 u\u017e vo veku 6 rokov. Rakovina semen\u00edkov je zriedkav\u00e1. Suky sa urgentne kastruj\u00fa pri z\u00e1paloch maternice, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 bez r\u00fdchleho z\u00e1kroku smrte\u013en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. Prevent\u00edvne sa kastr\u00e1cia vykon\u00e1va nielen kv\u00f4li vyl\u00fa\u010deniu tohto stavu, ale aj kv\u00f4li zn\u00ed\u017eeniu rizika vzniku mal\u00edgnych n\u00e1dorov na mlie\u010dnej \u017e\u013eaze, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm typom karcin\u00f3mov u s\u00fak. Rakovina vaje\u010dn\u00edkov, kr\u010dku maternice a maternice s\u00fa u s\u00fak zriedkav\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska treba vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy, \u017ee vaje\u010dn\u00edky a semenn\u00edky, ako aj horm\u00f3ny, ktor\u00e9 produkuj\u00fa, nes\u00favisia len s rozmno\u017eovan\u00edm, ale zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa celkov\u00fa hormon\u00e1lnu rovnov\u00e1hu organizmu. Ak je zviera kastrovan\u00e9 v pr\u00edli\u0161 mladom veku, hlavne pred dosiahnut\u00edm pohlavnej dospelosti, m\u00f4\u017ee to ma\u0165 vplyv na v\u00fdvin kostrov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (v \u0161t\u00fadii americk\u00fdch vedcov venovanej porovnaniu v\u00fdskytu DBK a DLK u kastrovan\u00fdch a nekastrovan\u00fdch zlat\u00fdch retvr\u00edvrov sa ukazuje, \u017ee skor\u00e1 kastr\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 vplyv na vznik t\u00fdchto por\u00fach), na v\u00fdvin svalov, na v\u00fdvin centr\u00e1lnej nervovej s\u00fastavy, vplyv na funkciu \u0161t\u00edtnej \u017e\u013eazy (RR je pod\u013ea OFFA v zozname plemien postihnut\u00fdch poruchami \u0161t\u00edtnej \u017e\u013eazy na 14. mieste), ale aj na celkov\u00fd metabolizmus. U su\u010diek sa treba najm\u00e4 pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch plemen\u00e1ch pripravi\u0165 na mo\u017en\u00fa inkontinenciu, ktor\u00e1 sa niekedy rie\u0161i prevent\u00edvne u\u017e pri oper\u00e1cii alebo pod\u013ea potreby substitu\u010dnou hormon\u00e1lnou lie\u010dbou v podobe pod\u00e1vania estrog\u00e9nu. Kastr\u00e1cia so sebou \u010dasto prin\u00e1\u0161a obezitu, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, preto je zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a nutn\u00e9 kastrovan\u00fdm jedincom upravi\u0165 stravu. Rovnako sa u kastrovan\u00fdch jedincov prejavuje letargia, nez\u00e1ujem o pohyb, preto sa tak\u00e9to psy zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie zap\u00e1jaj\u00fa napr. do v\u00fdcviku, \u010di in\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt. Kastr\u00e1cia nie je z\u00e1rukou odstr\u00e1nenia agres\u00edvneho spr\u00e1vania. Na z\u00e1klade sk\u00fasenost\u00ed majite\u013eov kastrovan\u00fdch psov mo\u017eno tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edpad je in\u00fd, u niektor\u00fdch psov nedoch\u00e1dza k nijak\u00fdm vidite\u013en\u00fdm fyzick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m, ani zmen\u00e1m spr\u00e1vania, u in\u00fdch s\u00fa zmeny v\u00fdrazn\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">PR\u00cdNOS KASTR\u00c1CIE U PSA:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">zabr\u00e1ni sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161eniu prostaty (BPH) a probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00e9 s t\u00fdmto stavom s\u00favisia,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">eliminuje sa riziko vzniku rakoviny semenn\u00edkov, ktor\u00e9 je v\u0161ak ve\u013emi n\u00edzke.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">RIZIK\u00c1 S\u00daVISIACE S KASTR\u00c1CIOU U PSA:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">ak sa kastr\u00e1cia vykon\u00e1 pred dov\u0155\u0161en\u00edm prv\u00e9ho roku \u017eivota, zna\u010dne zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku ostesark\u00f3mu, najm\u00e4 u plemien s dedi\u010dnou predispoz\u00edciou,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku srdcov\u00e9ho hemangiosark\u00f3mu, a to 1,6-n\u00e1sobne,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">trojn\u00e1sobne zvy\u0161uje riziko hypotyre\u00f3zy,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje riziko obezity, ktor\u00e1 je pr\u00ed\u010dinou mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch zdravotn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje \u0161tvorn\u00e1sobne mal\u00e9 riziko (&lt;0,6%) vzniku rakoviny prostaty,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zdvojn\u00e1sob\u0148uje mal\u00e9 riziko (&lt;1%) vzniku rakoviny mo\u010dov\u00e9ho traktu,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje riziko ortopedick\u00fdch por\u00fach,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje riziko ne\u017eiaducich \u00fa\u010dinkov vakcin\u00e1cie.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">PR\u00cdNOS KASTR\u00c1CIE U SUKY:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">ak sa vykon\u00e1 pred dov\u0155\u0161en\u00edm 2,5 roka \u017eivota, zni\u017euje riziko n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed mlie\u010dnej \u017e\u013eazy, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa najbe\u017enej\u0161ie mal\u00edgne n\u00e1dory u s\u00fak,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zamedzuje prejavy falo\u0161nej gravidity u s\u00fak, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 r\u00f4zne typy a stupne (nalievanie mlie\u010dnej \u017e\u013eazy mliekom, zn\u00ed\u017eenie apet\u00edtu, \u00fabytok hmotnosti, do\u010dasn\u00e9 poruchy spr\u00e1vania),<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">eliminuje riziko vzniku pyometry (z\u00e1palu maternice), ktor\u00e1 postihuje pribli\u017ene 23% nekastrovan\u00fdch s\u00fak a ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 smr\u0165 zviera\u0165a,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">eliminuje ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 riziko (&lt;0,5%) rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edkov, kr\u010dku maternice a maternice.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">RIZIK\u00c1 S\u00daVISIACE S KASTROVAN\u00cdM SUKY:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">ak sa kastr\u00e1cia vykon\u00e1 pred dov\u0155\u0161en\u00edm prv\u00e9ho roku \u017eivota, markantne zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku osteosark\u00f3mu,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku hemangiosark\u00f3mu sleziny a srdcov\u00e9ho hemangiosark\u00f3mu,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">trojn\u00e1sobne zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku hypotyre\u00f3zy,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku obezity, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1sledne sp\u00f4sobuje \u010fal\u0161ie zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">sp\u00f4sobuje inkontinenciu v priemere u 4-20% su\u010diek (v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti a plemena),<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">3 a\u017e 4-n\u00e1sobne zvy\u0161uje riziko z\u00e1palov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00e9ho traktu,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje riziko vagin\u00e1lnych dermatit\u00edd, hypoplastickej vulvy a vaginit\u00eddy, a to najm\u00e4 u s\u00fak kastrovan\u00fdch pred pubertou,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zdvojn\u00e1sob\u0148uje mal\u00e9 riziko (&lt;1%) vzniku rakoviny mo\u010dov\u00fdch ciest,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">zvy\u0161uje riziko ne\u017eiaducich reakci\u00ed na vakcin\u00e1ciu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Z uveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee kastr\u00e1cia v mladom veku psa \u010di suky m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne po\u0161kodi\u0165 kvalitu jeho \u010fal\u0161ieho \u017eivota a \u017ee zatia\u013e \u010do u psov sa prevent\u00edvna kastr\u00e1cia ukazuje ako zbyto\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1krok, u s\u00fak si rozhodnutie vy\u017eaduje komplexnej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup a kastr\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee su\u010dke pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 \u017eivot a zbavi\u0165 ju \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s falo\u0161nou graviditou. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.naiaonline.org\/pdfs\/LongTermHealthEffectsOfSpayNeuterInDogs.pdf\">http:\/\/www.naiaonline.org\/pdfs\/LongTermHealthEffectsOfSpayNeuterInDogs.pdf<br \/>\n<\/a><\/span><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.whole-dog-journal.com\/issues\/7_9\/features\/Spaying-and-Neuturing_15649-1.html\">http:\/\/www.whole-dog-journal.com\/issues\/7_9\/features\/Spaying-and-Neuturing_15649-1.html<br \/>\n<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucdavis.edu\/news\/golden-retriever-study-suggests-neutering-affects-dog-health\"><span class=\"s1\">https:\/\/www.ucdavis.edu\/news\/golden-retriever-study-suggests-neutering-affects-dog-health<br \/>\n<\/span><\/a><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veterinasnina.sk\/\">http:\/\/veterinasnina.sk\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1zory na kastr\u00e1ciu sa tak u laickej verejnosti, ako aj u odborn\u00edkov l\u00ed\u0161ia. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina veterin\u00e1rov kastr\u00e1ciu odpor\u00fa\u010da ako prevent\u00edvny z\u00e1krok, cvi\u010ditelia upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zmeny v spr\u00e1van\u00ed kastrovan\u00e9ho psa \u010di suky, m\u00e1lo sa hovor\u00ed o probl\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 kastr\u00e1cia so sebou m\u00f4\u017ee prinies\u0165 pri oper\u00e1cii, tesne po oper\u00e1cii, ako aj o vplyve na celkov\u00fa kond\u00edciu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[14,15,7,10],"class_list":["post-79","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psy","tag-dog","tag-kastracia","tag-pes","tag-ridgeback"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3054,"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79\/revisions\/3054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beibira.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}